Collocation کالوکیشن/ واژه ها و کلمه های همنشین در انگلیسی چیستند؟
.
کالوکیشن، به معنی هم نشین است.
برای اینکه معنا و مفهوم این کلمه رو بتونید راحت تر درک کنید، خودتون رو در نظر بگیرید. شما مطمئنا یک یا چند دوست صمیمی دارید. درسته؟
شما معمولا با این افراد همنشین هستید و اصطلاحا باهاشون نشست و برخاست دارید و با عده ی خیلی زیادی از افراد هم هیچ همنشینی ندارید.
در زبان انگلیسی هم، برخی از کلمات با برخی دیگه همنشینی دارند. پس، دو یا چند کلمه که همواره با هم می آیند رو یک "کالوکیشن" میگن.
الان با چند مثال براتون شفاف سازی می کنیم. به دو کلمه ی زیر توجه کنید:
Fast
Quick
این دو کلمه هر دو معنای سریع هستند، درسته؟
حالا کلمه ی زیر رو نگاه کنید
Shower (v)
این کلمه به معنای دوش گرفتنه. حالا اگه شما بخواهید بگید "یه دوش سریع" چی میگید؟
A fast shower? OR A quick shower?
باید بهتون بگم که اولی اشتباهه چون این دو کلمه با هم،هم نشین نیستند:
fast and shower
به جاش، ترکیب دوم کاملا صحیحه چون این دو کلمه با هم همنشینی دارند:
quick and shower
همنشینی ها، انواع مختلفی دارند مثلا ممکنه اسم با صفت خاصی همنشینی داشته باشه یا فعل با قید خاصی. یه نگاهی به انواع هم نشینی های زیر بندازید:
- Noun +Verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
- Verb + Noun: commit suicide (Not undertake suicide)
- Adverb + Adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
- Verb + adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)
- Verb + Verb +expression with preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
- Adjective + noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
- Noun + noun: a surge of anger (Not a rush of anger)
پرسش اول: به نظر شما کدوم یکی از این دو جفت کلمه درسته ؟
Bright idea? OR Light idea?
به عنوان راهنمایی می تونم بهتون بگم که می تونید به دیکشنری کالوکیشن آکسفورد برید و این کلمه رو توی قسمت سرچ اون وارد کنید:
idea
اینم از لینک دیکشنری انلاین:
http://oxforddictionary.so8848.com
.
در ادامه متداول ترین کلمه های همنشین برای شما لیست شده اند:
Verb collocations
| have | do | make |
|---|---|---|
| have a bath have a drink have a good time have a haircut have a holiday have a problem have a relationship have a rest have lunch have sympathy |
do business do nothing do someone a favour do the cooking do the housework do the shopping do the washing up do your best do your hair do your homework |
make a difference make a mess make a mistake make a noise make an effort make furniture make money make progress make room make trouble |
| take | break | catch |
| take a break take a chance take a look take a rest take a seat take a taxi take an exam take notes take someone's place take someone's temperature |
break a habit break a leg break a promise break a record break a window break someone's heart break the ice break the law break the news to someone break the rules |
catch a ball catch a bus catch a chill catch a cold catch a thief catch fire catch sight of catch someone's attention catch someone's eye catch the flu |
| pay | save | keep |
| pay a fine pay attention pay by credit card pay cash pay interest pay someone a compliment pay someone a visit pay the bill pay the price pay your respects |
save electricity save energy save money save one's strength save someone a seat save someone's life save something to a disk save space save time save yourself the trouble |
keep a diary keep a promise keep a secret keep an appointment keep calm keep control keep in touch keep quiet keep someone's place keep the change |
| come | go | get |
| come close come complete with come direct come early come first come into view come last come late come on time come prepared come right back come second come to a compromise come to a decision come to an agreement come to an end come to a standstill come to terms with come to a total of come under attack |
go abroad go astray go bad go bald go bankrupt go blind go crazy go dark go deaf go fishing go mad go missing go on foot go online go out of business go overseas go quiet go sailing go to war go yellow |
get a job get a shock get angry get divorced get drunk get frightened get home get lost get married get nowhere get permission get pregnant get ready get started get the impression get the message get the sack get upset get wet get worried |
Miscellaneous collocations
| Time | Business English | Classifiers |
|---|---|---|
| bang on time dead on time early 12th century free time from dawn till dusk great deal of time late 20th century make time for next few days past few weeks right on time run out of time save time spare time spend some time take your time tell someone the time time goes by time passes waste time |
annual turnover bear in mind break off negotiations cease trading chair a meeting close a deal close a meeting come to the point dismiss an offer draw a conclusion draw your attention to launch a new product lay off staff go bankrupt go into partnership make a loss make a profit market forces sales figures take on staff |
a ball of string a bar of chocolate a bottle of water a bunch of carrots a cube of sugar a pack of cards a pad of paper |
